меча
Bulgarian
Etymology 1
Of onomatopoeic origin, formally reflecting an earlier *mečiti (i-conjugation), *mekati (a/j-conjugation).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmɛt͡ʃɐ]
Verb
ме́ча • (méča) first-singular present indicative, impf (dialectal)
Conjugation
Conjugation of ме́ча (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ме́чещ méčešt |
ме́чил, мечи́л1 méčil, mečíl1 |
ме́чел méčel |
— | ме́чейки méčejki | |
| definite subject form | ме́чещият méčeštijat |
ме́чилият, мечи́лият1 méčilijat, mečílijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | ме́чещия méčeštija |
ме́чилия, мечи́лия1 méčilija, mečílija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ме́чеща méčešta |
ме́чила, мечи́ла1 méčila, mečíla1 |
ме́чела méčela |
— | ||
| definite | ме́чещата méčeštata |
ме́чилата, мечи́лата1 méčilata, mečílata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ме́чещо méčešto |
ме́чило, мечи́ло1 méčilo, mečílo1 |
ме́чело méčelo |
— | ме́чене méčene | |
| definite | ме́чещото méčeštoto |
ме́чилото, мечи́лото1 méčiloto, mečíloto1 |
— | — | ме́ченето méčeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ме́чещи méčešti |
ме́чили, мечи́ли1 méčili, mečíli1 |
ме́чели méčeli |
— | ме́чения, ме́ченета méčenija, méčeneta | |
| definite | ме́чещите méčeštite |
ме́чилите, мечи́лите1 méčilite, mečílite1 |
— | — | ме́ченията, ме́ченетата méčenijata, méčenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ме́ча méča |
ме́чиш méčiš |
ме́чи méči |
ме́чим méčim |
ме́чите méčite |
ме́чат méčat | |
| imperfect | ме́чех méčeh |
ме́чеше méčeše |
ме́чеше méčeše |
ме́чехме méčehme |
ме́чехте méčehte |
ме́чеха méčeha | |
| aorist | ме́чих, мечи́х1 méčih, mečíh1 |
ме́чи, мечи́1 méči, mečí1 |
ме́чи, мечи́1 méči, mečí1 |
ме́чихме, мечи́хме1 méčihme, mečíhme1 |
ме́чихте, мечи́хте1 méčihte, mečíhte1 |
ме́чиха, мечи́ха1 méčiha, mečíha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| мечи́ mečí |
мече́те mečéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Conjugation of ме́ча (conjugation 1.4, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ме́чещ méčešt |
ме́кал, мека́л1 mékal, mekál1 |
ме́чел méčel |
— | ме́чейки méčejki | |
| definite subject form | ме́чещият méčeštijat |
ме́калият, мека́лият1 mékalijat, mekálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | ме́чещия méčeštija |
ме́калия, мека́лия1 mékalija, mekálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ме́чеща méčešta |
ме́кала, мека́ла1 mékala, mekála1 |
ме́чела méčela |
— | ||
| definite | ме́чещата méčeštata |
ме́калата, мека́лата1 mékalata, mekálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ме́чещо méčešto |
ме́кало, мека́ло1 mékalo, mekálo1 |
ме́чело méčelo |
— | ме́кане mékane | |
| definite | ме́чещото méčeštoto |
ме́калото, мека́лото1 mékaloto, mekáloto1 |
— | — | ме́кането mékaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ме́чещи méčešti |
ме́кали, мека́ли1 mékali, mekáli1 |
ме́чели méčeli |
— | ме́кания, ме́канета mékanija, mékaneta | |
| definite | ме́чещите méčeštite |
ме́калите, мека́лите1 mékalite, mekálite1 |
— | — | ме́канията, ме́канетата mékanijata, mékanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ме́ча méča |
ме́чеш méčeš |
ме́че méče |
ме́чем méčem |
ме́чете méčete |
ме́чат méčat | |
| imperfect | ме́чех méčeh |
ме́чеше méčeše |
ме́чеше méčeše |
ме́чехме méčehme |
ме́чехте méčehte |
ме́чеха méčeha | |
| aorist | ме́ках, мека́х1 mékah, mekáh1 |
ме́ка, мека́1 méka, meká1 |
ме́ка, мека́1 méka, meká1 |
ме́кахме, мека́хме1 mékahme, mekáhme1 |
ме́кахте, мека́хте1 mékahte, mekáhte1 |
ме́каха, мека́ха1 mékaha, mekáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| мечи́ mečí |
мече́те mečéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Coordinate terms
Related terms
- ме́кам (mékam), мя́кам (mjákam) (intensive, factitive)
References
- “меча”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “ме́чѭ, -ишь”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 63
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “меча”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 775
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mękti (C/j-conjugation), *mękati (a/j-conjugation).
Verb
ме́ча • (méča) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ме́кна) (dated, obsolete)
Usage notes
Only derived terms have survived in contemporary dialects.
Conjugation
Conjugation of ме́ча (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ме́чещ méčešt |
ме́чал, меча́л1 méčal, mečál1 |
ме́чел méčel |
ме́чан méčan |
ме́чейки méčejki | |
| definite subject form | ме́чещият méčeštijat |
ме́чалият, меча́лият1 méčalijat, mečálijat1 |
— | ме́чаният méčanijat | |||
| definite object form | ме́чещия méčeštija |
ме́чалия, меча́лия1 méčalija, mečálija1 |
— | ме́чания méčanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ме́чеща méčešta |
ме́чала, меча́ла1 méčala, mečála1 |
ме́чела méčela |
ме́чана méčana | ||
| definite | ме́чещата méčeštata |
ме́чалата, меча́лата1 méčalata, mečálata1 |
— | ме́чаната méčanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ме́чещо méčešto |
ме́чало, меча́ло1 méčalo, mečálo1 |
ме́чело méčelo |
ме́чано méčano |
ме́чене méčene | |
| definite | ме́чещото méčeštoto |
ме́чалото, меча́лото1 méčaloto, mečáloto1 |
— | ме́чаното méčanoto |
ме́ченето méčeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ме́чещи méčešti |
ме́чали, меча́ли1 méčali, mečáli1 |
ме́чели méčeli |
ме́чани méčani |
ме́чения, ме́ченета méčenija, méčeneta | |
| definite | ме́чещите méčeštite |
ме́чалите, меча́лите1 méčalite, mečálite1 |
— | ме́чаните méčanite |
ме́ченията, ме́ченетата méčenijata, méčenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ме́ча méča |
ме́чеш méčeš |
ме́че méče |
ме́чем méčem |
ме́чете méčete |
ме́чат méčat | |
| imperfect | ме́чех méčeh |
ме́чеше méčeše |
ме́чеше méčeše |
ме́чехме méčehme |
ме́чехте méčehte |
ме́чеха méčeha | |
| aorist | ме́чах, меча́х1 méčah, mečáh1 |
ме́ча, меча́1 méča, mečá1 |
ме́ча, меча́1 méča, mečá1 |
ме́чахме, меча́хме1 méčahme, mečáhme1 |
ме́чахте, меча́хте1 méčahte, mečáhte1 |
ме́чаха, меча́ха1 méčaha, mečáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| мечи́ mečí |
мече́те mečéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
verbs
- (iterative) гме́ча (gméča) (dialectal)
- (semelfactive) ме́чкам (méčkam)
nouns
- (instrumental noun) мека́ло (mekálo, “kneading trough”)
- (instrumental noun) мека́ч (mekáč, “clayform, mold”)
- (abstract noun) мечина́ (mečiná)
- (product noun) ме́чка (méčka, “dough ball”) (dialectal)
Related terms
- мек (mek, “soft”)
- ме́квам (mékvam) (semelfactive)
- смекча́ (smekčá) (causative)
- мъ́ча (mǎ́ča, “to torment”) (o-grade causative-iterative)
References
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1908) “ме́чкамъ”, in Допълнение на българския рѣчникъ [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][2] (in Bulgarian), volume 6, Plovdiv: Печатница "Трудъ" на Петко Бѣловѣждовъ, page 208
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mʲɪˈt͡ɕa]
Etymology 1
Noun
меча́ • (mečá) m inan
- genitive singular of меч (meč)
Etymology 2
Participle
меча́ • (mečá)
- present adverbial imperfective participle of мета́ть (metátʹ)
Ukrainian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [meˈt͡ʃa]
Noun
меча́ • (mečá)
- genitive singular of меч (meč)