अरस
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ə.ɾəs/, [ɐ.ɾɐs]
Etymology 1
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अरस (arasá). By surface analysis, अ- (a-) + रस (ras).
Adjective
अरस • (aras) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling اَرَس)
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Possibly through Braj अरस (aras).
Noun
अरस • (aras) m (Urdu spelling اَرَس)
- alternative form of अलस (alas, “languor, sloth, laziness”)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | अरस aras |
अरस aras |
| oblique | अरस aras |
अरसों arasõ |
| vocative | अरस aras |
अरसो araso |
Noun
अरस • (aras) m (Urdu spelling اَرَس)
- alternative form of अर्श (arś, “roof; sky; heaven”)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | अरस aras |
अरस aras |
| oblique | अरस aras |
अरसों arasõ |
| vocative | अरस aras |
अरसो araso |
Further reading
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “अरस”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- Platts, John T. (1884) “अरस”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “अरस”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- “अरस”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- অৰস (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬭᬲ (Balinese script)
- অরস (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰨𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀭𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- အရသ (Burmese script)
- અરસ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਰਸ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌰𑌸 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦫꦱ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂩𑂮 (Kaithi script)
- ಅರಸ (Kannada script)
- អរស (Khmer script)
- ອຣສ (Lao script)
- അരസ (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᡵᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘨𑘭 (Modi script)
- ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑧈𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐬𑐳 (Newa script)
- ଅରସ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢬꢱ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆫𑆱 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖨𑖭 (Siddham script)
- අරස (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩼𑪁 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚤𑚨 (Takri script)
- அரஸ (Tamil script)
- అరస (Telugu script)
- อรส (Thai script)
- ཨ་ར་ས (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒩𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨫𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From अ- (a-, negative prefix) + रस (rása, “sap, elixir, semen; charm, delight, taste, pleasure”). Later Vedic अलस (alasá, “lazy, tired”) is a corruption of this term.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ.ɾɐ.sɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐ.ɾɐ.s̪ɐ/
Adjective
अरस • (arasá) stem
- sapless, tasteless, insipid
- weak, having no strength, inefficacious, impotent
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.191.16:
- कुषुम्भकस्तदब्रवीद्गिरेः प्रवर्तमानकः।
वृश्चिकस्य्आरसं विषम्अरसं वृश्चिक ते विषम्॥- kuṣumbhakastadabravīdgireḥ pravartamānakaḥ.
vṛścikasyārasaṃ viṣamarasaṃ vṛścika te viṣam. - Appearing forth from the mountain's side the poison-insect said:
"The scorpion's venom is weak. O Scorpion, your venom is weak."
- kuṣumbhakastadabravīdgireḥ pravartamānakaḥ.
- कुषुम्भकस्तदब्रवीद्गिरेः प्रवर्तमानकः।
- dull, uninteresting
- not having the sense of taste
- unhappy
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अरसः (arasáḥ) | अरसौ (arasaú) अरसा¹ (arasā́¹) |
अरसाः (arasā́ḥ) अरसासः¹ (arasā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | अरसम् (arasám) | अरसौ (arasaú) अरसा¹ (arasā́¹) |
अरसान् (arasā́n) |
| instrumental | अरसेन (araséna) | अरसाभ्याम् (arasā́bhyām) | अरसैः (arasaíḥ) अरसेभिः¹ (arasébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अरसाय (arasā́ya) | अरसाभ्याम् (arasā́bhyām) | अरसेभ्यः (arasébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अरसात् (arasā́t) | अरसाभ्याम् (arasā́bhyām) | अरसेभ्यः (arasébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अरसस्य (arasásya) | अरसयोः (arasáyoḥ) | अरसानाम् (arasā́nām) |
| locative | अरसे (arasé) | अरसयोः (arasáyoḥ) | अरसेषु (araséṣu) |
| vocative | अरस (árasa) | अरसौ (árasau) अरसा¹ (árasā¹) |
अरसाः (árasāḥ) अरसासः¹ (árasāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अरसा (arasā́) | अरसे (arasé) | अरसाः (arasā́ḥ) |
| accusative | अरसाम् (arasā́m) | अरसे (arasé) | अरसाः (arasā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | अरसया (arasáyā) अरसा¹ (arasā́¹) |
अरसाभ्याम् (arasā́bhyām) | अरसाभिः (arasā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | अरसायै (arasā́yai) | अरसाभ्याम् (arasā́bhyām) | अरसाभ्यः (arasā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अरसायाः (arasā́yāḥ) अरसायै² (arasā́yai²) |
अरसाभ्याम् (arasā́bhyām) | अरसाभ्यः (arasā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अरसायाः (arasā́yāḥ) अरसायै² (arasā́yai²) |
अरसयोः (arasáyoḥ) | अरसानाम् (arasā́nām) |
| locative | अरसायाम् (arasā́yām) | अरसयोः (arasáyoḥ) | अरसासु (arasā́su) |
| vocative | अरसे (árase) | अरसे (árase) | अरसाः (árasāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अरसम् (arasám) | अरसे (arasé) | अरसानि (arasā́ni) अरसा¹ (arasā́¹) |
| accusative | अरसम् (arasám) | अरसे (arasé) | अरसानि (arasā́ni) अरसा¹ (arasā́¹) |
| instrumental | अरसेन (araséna) | अरसाभ्याम् (arasā́bhyām) | अरसैः (arasaíḥ) अरसेभिः¹ (arasébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अरसाय (arasā́ya) | अरसाभ्याम् (arasā́bhyām) | अरसेभ्यः (arasébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अरसात् (arasā́t) | अरसाभ्याम् (arasā́bhyām) | अरसेभ्यः (arasébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अरसस्य (arasásya) | अरसयोः (arasáyoḥ) | अरसानाम् (arasā́nām) |
| locative | अरसे (arasé) | अरसयोः (arasáyoḥ) | अरसेषु (araséṣu) |
| vocative | अरस (árasa) | अरसे (árase) | अरसानि (árasāni) अरसा¹ (árasā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “अरस”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 87.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “arasa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “अरस”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “अरस”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “arasa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press