蹲踞

Chinese

		crouch; squat	be based upon; squat
trad. (蹲踞)		蹲	踞
simp. ^#(蹲踞)		蹲	踞

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dūnjù

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣㄐㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon¹ geoi³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dūnjù
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣㄐㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dunjyù
  - Wade–Giles: tun¹-chü⁴
  - Yale: dwūn-jyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duenjiuh
  - Palladius: дуньцзюй (dunʹczjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeon¹ geoi³
  - Yale: jēun geui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen¹ goey³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zên¹ gêu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵn⁵⁵ kɵy̯³³/

Verb

蹲踞

to crouch; to squat

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 蹲 (“to squat”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蹲
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	蹲
	Taiwan	蹲
	Singapore	蹲
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	跍堆, 跍蹲, 蹲
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	趷蹴, 蹴, 蹲
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	跍
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	跍
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蹲
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	蹲
Cantonese	Guangzhou	踎
	Hong Kong	踎
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	踎
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	踎
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	踎
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	踎
	Macau	踎
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	踎
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	䟵
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	踎
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	踎
	Foshan	踎
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	踎
	Foshan (Shunde)	踎
	Foshan (Sanshui)	踎
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	踎
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	踎
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	踎
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	踎
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	踎
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	踎
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	踎
	Taishan	踎
	Kaiping (Chikan)	踎
	Enping (Niujiang)	踎
	Heshan (Yayao)	踎
	Dongguan	踎, 冬
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	踎
	Yangjiang	踎
	Nanning	踎
	Yulin	踎
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	踎
Gan	Nanchang	跍, 蹲
Hakka	Meixian	蹲, 𨁏
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	跍
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	跍
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	踎
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	跍
	Jiexi	跍
	Changting	𨁏
	Ninghua	𨁏
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	跍
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	跍
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	跍
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	跍
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	跍
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	跍
	Hong Kong	跍
	Senai (Huiyang)	跍
Jin	Taiyuan	圪蹴, 蹲
Northern Min	Jian'ou	跍嚕
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	蹲, 跍
Southern Min	Xiamen	跍
	Quanzhou	跍
	Zhangzhou	跍
	Taipei	跍
	Kaohsiung	跍
	Singapore (Hokkien)	跍
	Manila (Hokkien)	跍
	Chaozhou	跍
	Shantou	跍
	Jieyang	跍, 蹲
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	跍
	Leizhou	跍
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	踎
Wu	Shanghai	跍, 蹲
	Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong)	跍
	Shanghai (Jiading)	孵 dated
	Suzhou	蹲, 伏
	Wenzhou	𧺤, 彎
Xiang	Changsha	跍
Xiang	Shuangfeng	蹲

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蹲	踞
そん Hyōgai	こ Hyōgai
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
蹲居

Kanji in this term
蹲	踞
そん Hyōgai	きょ Hyōgai
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
蹲居

From Middle Chinese 蹲踞 (MC dzwon kjoH). The reading of sonko uses the go'on reading of ko for 踞.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そんきょ [sóꜜǹkyò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sõ̞ŋʲkʲo̞]

IPA^(key): [sõ̞ŋko̞]

Noun

蹲(そん)踞(きょ) or 蹲(そん)踞(こ) • (sonkyo or sonko)

crouch; squat
(sumo, kendo) sonkyo

Verb

蹲(そん)踞(きょ)する or 蹲(そん)踞(こ)する • (sonkyo suru or sonko suru) suru (stem 蹲(そん)踞(きょ)し (sonkyo shi), past 蹲(そん)踞(きょ)した (sonkyo shita))

to crouch; to squat
(sumo, kendo) to assume the sonkyo position

Conjugation

Conjugation of "蹲踞する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	蹲踞し	そんきょし	sonkyo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	蹲踞し	そんきょし	sonkyo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	蹲踞する	そんきょする	sonkyo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	蹲踞する	そんきょする	sonkyo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	蹲踞すれ	そんきょすれ	sonkyo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	蹲踞せよ¹ 蹲踞しろ²	そんきょせよ¹ そんきょしろ²	sonkyo seyo¹ sonkyo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	蹲踞される	そんきょされる	sonkyo sareru
Causative	蹲踞させる蹲踞さす	そんきょさせるそんきょさす	sonkyo saseru sonkyo sasu
Potential	蹲踞できる	そんきょできる	sonkyo dekiru
Volitional	蹲踞しよう	そんきょしよう	sonkyo shiyō
Negative	蹲踞しない	そんきょしない	sonkyo shinai
Negative continuative	蹲踞せず	そんきょせず	sonkyo sezu
Formal	蹲踞します	そんきょします	sonkyo shimasu
Perfective	蹲踞した	そんきょした	sonkyo shita
Conjunctive	蹲踞して	そんきょして	sonkyo shite
Hypothetical conditional	蹲踞すれば	そんきょすれば	sonkyo sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "蹲踞する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	蹲踞し	そんこし	sonko shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	蹲踞し	そんこし	sonko shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	蹲踞する	そんこする	sonko suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	蹲踞する	そんこする	sonko suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	蹲踞すれ	そんこすれ	sonko sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	蹲踞せよ¹ 蹲踞しろ²	そんこせよ¹ そんこしろ²	sonko seyo¹ sonko shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	蹲踞される	そんこされる	sonko sareru
Causative	蹲踞させる蹲踞さす	そんこさせるそんこさす	sonko saseru sonko sasu
Potential	蹲踞できる	そんこできる	sonko dekiru
Volitional	蹲踞しよう	そんこしよう	sonko shiyō
Negative	蹲踞しない	そんこしない	sonko shinai
Negative continuative	蹲踞せず	そんこせず	sonko sezu
Formal	蹲踞します	そんこします	sonko shimasu
Perfective	蹲踞した	そんこした	sonko shita
Conjunctive	蹲踞して	そんこして	sonko shite
Hypothetical conditional	蹲踞すれば	そんこすれば	sonko sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蹲	踞
Hyōgai	Hyōgai
irregular

Alternative spelling
蹲

The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 蹲(つくば)う (tsukubau).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つくばい [tsùkúbáí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) つくばい [tsùkúbáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨ̥kɯ̟ba̠i]

Noun

蹲踞(つくばい) • (tsukubai) ^{←つくばひ (tukubafi)^?}

tsukubai (small basin used in Buddhist ritual ablution and before the tea ceremony)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

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