ꠇꠤꠘꠣ
Sylheti
Alternative forms
- কিনা (kina) — Bengali script spelling
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit क्रीणाति (krīṇāti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krináHti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷrinéh₂ti, from *kʷreyh₂-. Compare Assamese কিন (kin), Bengali কেনা (kena), Hindi कीनना (kīnnā), Nepali किन्नु (kinnu), Odia କିଣିବ (kiṇiba).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kina/
Verb
ꠇꠤꠘꠣ • (kina)
Conjugation
Impersonal of ꠇꠤꠘꠣ
| Stem | ꠇꠤꠘ kin |
|---|---|
| Gerund | ꠇꠤꠘꠣ kina |
| Infinitive | ꠇꠤꠘꠣ kina |
| Goal | ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ kinar lagi |
| Agentive | ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠣ ♂, ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠤ ♀ kinra ♂, kinri ♀ |
| Converb | ꠇꠤꠘꠔꠦ kinte |
| Progressive participle | ꠇꠤꠘꠔꠦ ꠇꠤꠘꠔꠦ kinte kinte |
| Conditional participle | ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠦ kinle |
| Perfect participle | ꠇꠤꠘꠤꠀ kinia |
| Habitual participle | ꠇꠤꠘꠤ ꠇꠤꠘꠤ kini kini |
Conjugation of ꠇꠤꠘꠣ
| Person | First person | Second person | Third person | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very faml. & Inferior |
Familiar | Honorific | Familiar | |||
| Singular | ꠀꠝꠤ/ꠝꠥꠁ ami/mui |
ꠔꠥꠁ tui |
ꠔꠥꠝꠤ tumi |
ꠀꠙꠘꠦ afne |
ꠔꠣꠁꠘ tain |
ꠢꠦ ♂, ꠔꠣꠁ ♀ he ♂, tai ♀ |
| Plural | ꠀꠝꠞꠣ amra |
ꠔꠥꠝꠞꠣ tumra |
ꠔꠥꠝꠤꠔꠣꠁꠘ tumitain |
ꠀꠙꠘꠣꠞꠣ/ꠀꠙꠘꠣꠁꠘꠔꠦ afnara/afnainte |
ꠔꠣꠁꠘꠔꠣꠁꠘ taintain |
ꠔꠣꠞꠣ tara |
| Present | ||||||
| Imperfective | ꠇꠤꠘꠤ kini |
ꠇꠤꠘꠌ kinos |
ꠇꠤꠘꠧ kino |
ꠇꠤꠘꠂꠘ kinoin |
ꠇꠤꠘꠦ kine | |
| Continuous | *ꠇꠤꠘꠤꠀꠞ / *ꠇꠤꠘꠤ ꠞꠣꠝ / *ꠇꠤꠘꠤꠔ ꠞꠣꠝ *kiniar / *kini ram / *kinit ram |
ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠦ / ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠦ kinre |
ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠣꠄ kinrae |
ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠣ kinra |
ꠇꠤꠘꠦꠞ kiner | |
| Perfective | ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠤ kinsi |
ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠌ kinsos |
ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠧ kinso |
ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠂꠘ kinsoin |
ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠦ kinse | |
| Past | ||||||
| Recent | ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠣꠝ kinlam |
ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠦ kinle |
ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠣꠄ kinlae |
ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠣ kinla |
ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠧ kinlo | |
| Distant | ꠇꠤꠘꠍ꠆ꠟꠣꠝ kinslam |
ꠇꠤꠘꠍ꠆ꠟꠦ kinsle |
ꠇꠤꠘꠍ꠆ꠟꠣꠄ kinslae |
ꠇꠤꠘꠍ꠆ꠟꠣ kinsla |
ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠤꠟ kinsil | |
| Continuous | ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠟꠣꠝ kinat aslam |
ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠟꠦ kinat asle |
ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠟꠣꠄ kinat aslae |
ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠟꠣ kinat asla |
ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠤꠟ kinat asil | |
| Future | ||||||
| Indicative | ꠇꠤꠘꠝꠥ kinmu |
ꠇꠤꠘꠛꠦ kinbe |
ꠇꠤꠘꠛꠣꠄ kinbae |
ꠇꠤꠘꠛꠣ kinba |
ꠇꠤꠘꠛꠧ kinbo | |
| Others | ||||||
| Imperative | — | ꠇꠤꠘ kin |
ꠇꠤꠘꠧ kino |
ꠇꠤꠘꠃꠇꠇꠣ kinoukka |
{{{imp-3}}} {{{imp-3-tr}}} | |
| ❋ Note 1: * = Dialectal | ||||||
| ❋ Note 2: Sylheti is an ergative language. So the 3rd person nouns get the ergative suffix ꠄ (e), which is written with the vowel diacritic ꠦ (e) after a consonant. | ||||||
| ❋ Note 3: There are many dialects of Sylheti. This is just one of those. | ||||||
| ❋ Note 4: Click here to see other personal pronouns with grammatical cases. | ||||||
References
- Gwynn, Roger (2016) “kin-”, in Londoni Sylheti dictionary, Part I : Sylheti-English, Middletown, DE: Acre Press.