꿋꿋하다
Korean
Etymology
꿋꿋 (kkutkkut) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [k͈ut̚k͈utʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [꾿꾸타다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkutkkuthada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkuskkushada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkutkkuthada |
| Yale Romanization? | kkwuskkwushata |
Adjective
| Yin-form | 꿋꿋하다 (kkutkkuthada) |
|---|---|
| Yang-form | 꼿꼿하다 (kkotkkothada) |
꿋꿋하다 • (kkutkkuthada) (infinitive 꿋꿋해 or 꿋꿋하여, sequential 꿋꿋하니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 꿋꿋하다 (kkutkkuthada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 꿋꿋하다 kkutkkuthada |
꿋꿋해 kkutkkuthae |
꿋꿋해요 kkutkkuthaeyo |
꿋꿋합니다 kkutkkuthamnida |
| Past | 꿋꿋했다 kkutkkuthaetda |
꿋꿋했어 kkutkkuthaesseo |
꿋꿋했어요 kkutkkuthaesseoyo |
꿋꿋했습니다 kkutkkuthaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 꿋꿋하냐 kkutkkuthanya |
꿋꿋해 kkutkkuthae |
꿋꿋해요 kkutkkuthaeyo |
꿋꿋합니까 kkutkkuthamnikka |
| Past | 꿋꿋했냐 kkutkkuthaennya |
꿋꿋했어 kkutkkuthaesseo |
꿋꿋했어요 kkutkkuthaesseoyo |
꿋꿋했습니까 kkutkkuthaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 꿋꿋하겠다 kkutkkuthagetda |
꿋꿋하겠어 kkutkkuthagesseo |
꿋꿋하겠어요 kkutkkuthagesseoyo |
꿋꿋하겠습니다 kkutkkuthagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 꿋꿋해 kkutkkuthae |
꿋꿋해서, 꿋꿋하여서 kkutkkuthaeseo, kkutkkuthayeoseo |
꿋꿋하니 kkutkkuthani |
꿋꿋하니까 kkutkkuthanikka | |
| Contrast | 꿋꿋하지만 kkutkkuthajiman |
꿋꿋한데 kkutkkuthande |
꿋꿋하더니 kkutkkuthadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 꿋꿋하고 kkutkkuthago |
||||
| Condition | 꿋꿋하면 kkutkkuthamyeon |
꿋꿋해야, 꿋꿋하여야 kkutkkuthaeya, kkutkkuthayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 꿋꿋함 kkutkkutham |
꿋꿋하기 kkutkkuthagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 꿋꿋했음, 꿋꿋하였음 kkutkkuthaesseum, kkutkkuthayeosseum |
꿋꿋했기, 꿋꿋하였기 kkutkkuthaetgi, kkutkkuthayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 꿋꿋한 kkutkkuthan | |||
| Future | 꿋꿋할 kkutkkuthal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 꿋꿋하시다 kkutkkuthasida |
꿋꿋하셔 kkutkkuthasyeo |
꿋꿋하세요, 꿋꿋하셔요 kkutkkuthaseyo, kkutkkuthasyeoyo |
꿋꿋하십니다 kkutkkuthasimnida |
| Past | 꿋꿋하셨다 kkutkkuthasyeotda |
꿋꿋하셨어 kkutkkuthasyeosseo |
꿋꿋하셨어요 kkutkkuthasyeosseoyo |
꿋꿋하셨습니다 kkutkkuthasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 꿋꿋하시냐 kkutkkuthasinya |
꿋꿋하셔 kkutkkuthasyeo |
꿋꿋하세요, 꿋꿋하셔요 kkutkkuthaseyo, kkutkkuthasyeoyo |
꿋꿋하십니까 kkutkkuthasimnikka |
| Past | 꿋꿋하셨냐 kkutkkuthasyeonnya |
꿋꿋하셨어 kkutkkuthasyeosseo |
꿋꿋하셨어요 kkutkkuthasyeosseoyo |
꿋꿋하셨습니까 kkutkkuthasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 꿋꿋하시겠다 kkutkkuthasigetda |
꿋꿋하시겠어 kkutkkuthasigesseo |
꿋꿋하시겠어요 kkutkkuthasigesseoyo |
꿋꿋하시겠습니다 kkutkkuthasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 꿋꿋하셔 kkutkkuthasyeo |
꿋꿋하셔서 kkutkkuthasyeoseo |
꿋꿋하시니 kkutkkuthasini |
꿋꿋하시니까 kkutkkuthasinikka | |
| Contrast | 꿋꿋하시지만 kkutkkuthasijiman |
꿋꿋하신데 kkutkkuthasinde |
꿋꿋하시더니 kkutkkuthasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 꿋꿋하시고 kkutkkuthasigo |
||||
| Condition | 꿋꿋하시면 kkutkkuthasimyeon |
꿋꿋하셔야 kkutkkuthasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 꿋꿋하심 kkutkkuthasim |
꿋꿋하시기 kkutkkuthasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 꿋꿋하셨음 kkutkkuthasyeosseum |
꿋꿋하셨기 kkutkkuthasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 꿋꿋하신 kkutkkuthasin | |||
| Future | 꿋꿋하실 kkutkkuthasil | ||||