πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πƒ (frisahts) +β€Ž -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈfrisahtjan/

Verb

πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gafrisahtjan)

  1. to engrave
    • 2 Corinthians 3:7:
      𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ±πŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉ πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπŒΈπŒ°πŒΏπƒ 𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌼 πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒΈ 𐌹𐌽 πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΌ π…πŒ°π‚πŒΈ π…πŒΏπŒ»πŒΈπŒ°πŒ², πƒπ…πŒ°πŒ΄πŒΉ 𐌽𐌹 πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒΎπŒΏπƒ πŒΉπƒπ‚πŒ°πŒ΄πŒ»πŒΉπƒ π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚π…πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ 𐌳𐌿 π…πŒ»πŒΉπ„πŒ° πŒΌπ‰πƒπŒ΄πŒΆπŒΉπƒ 𐌹𐌽 π…πŒΏπŒ»πŒΈπŒ°πŒΏπƒ π…πŒ»πŒΉπ„πŒΉπƒ πŒΉπƒ πŒΈπŒΉπƒ πŒ²πŒ°π„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ½πƒ
      aΓΎΓΎan jabai andbahti dauΓΎaus in gamΔ“leinim gafrisahtiΓΎ in stainam warΓΎ wulΓΎag, swaei ni mahtΔ“deina sunjus israΔ“lis fairweitjan du wlita mōsΔ“zis in wulΓΎaus wlitis is ΓΎis gataurnandins
      But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which glory was to be done away (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
infinitive πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
gafrisahtjan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°
gafrisahtja 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gafrisahtida 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gafrisahtjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gafrisahteis 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gafrisahtidΔ“s 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gafrisahtjaza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gafrisahteiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gafrisahtida 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gafrisahtjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπ‰πƒ
gafrisahtjōs 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gafrisahtidΔ“du 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gafrisahtjats 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gafrisahtidΔ“duts 		β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
gafrisahtjam 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gafrisahtidΔ“dum 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gafrisahtjanda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gafrisahteiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gafrisahtidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gafrisahtjanda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gafrisahtjand 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gafrisahtidΔ“dun 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gafrisahtjanda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gafrisahtjau 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gafrisahtidΔ“djau 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gafrisahtjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gafrisahtjais 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gafrisahtidΔ“deis 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gafrisahtjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
gafrisahtjai 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gafrisahtidΔ“di 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gafrisahtjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gafrisahtjaiwa 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gafrisahtidΔ“deiwa 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gafrisahtjaits 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gafrisahtidΔ“deits 		β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gafrisahtjaima 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gafrisahtidΔ“deima 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gafrisahtjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gafrisahtjaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gafrisahtidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gafrisahtjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gafrisahtjaina 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gafrisahtidΔ“deina 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gafrisahtjaindau
imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉ
gafrisahtei
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gafrisahtjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gafrisahtjats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gafrisahteiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gafrisahtjandau
present past
participles πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gafrisahtjands 		πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gafrisahtiΓΎs

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 39
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