𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀇

Prakrit

Alternative forms

𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀤𑀺 (jīvadi) — Śaurasenī

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *-wós

Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós

Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰíHwati

Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati)

Prakrit 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀇 (jīvaï)

Inherited from Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́íHwati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰíHwati, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti (“to live”).

Verb

𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀇 (jīvaï) (Devanagari जीवइ, Kannada ಜೀವಇ) (intransitive) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī)

lives

Descendants

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Old Gujarati: जीवइ (jīvaï)
  - Gujarati: જીવવું (jīvvũ)
- Hindi: जीना (jīnā)
- Romani: ʒivel, ʒuvel (International Standard), dživel, džuvel (Pan-Vlax), zhuvel (Anglicized)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali: জিয়া (jiẏa)
- Bihari:
  - Bhojpuri: जीयल (jīyal)
  - Maithili: जियब (jiyab)
- Early Assamese: জী (jī)
  - Assamese: জীয়া (zia)
- Odia: ଜୀବା (jibā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Kumaoni: ज्यूणो (jyūṇo)
- Nepali: जिउनु (jiunu)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi: ਜਿਊਣਾ (jiūṇā)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: जिणे (jiṇe)
- Sindhi: जिअणु (jiaṇu)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jīvaï”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press