Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/artos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”).

    Noun

    *artos m

    1. bear (mammal)

    Declension

    Masculine o-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *artos *artou *artoi
    vocative *arte *artou *artoi
    accusative *artom *artou *artons
    genitive *artī *artous *artom
    dative *artūi *artobom *artobos
    locative *artei *? *?
    instrumental *artū *artobim *artūis

    Descendants

    • Proto-Brythonic: *arθ
      • Old Breton: ard, arth
      • Cornish: arth
      • Middle Welsh: arth
      • Cumbric: *arth
    • Old Irish: art (“bear, hero, warrior”)
    • Gaulish: *artos
      • →⇒ Latin: Artiō
      • →⇒ Latin: Artodunum
    • Noric: 𐌀𐌓𐌕𐌄(𐌁𐌖𐌈𐌆) (Arte(budz))

    Connection uncertain:

    Further reading

    • Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*arto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42
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