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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *au- (“off, away”) + *didīti (“to put, place”).
Verb
*audīti[1]
- to grant, bestow
- to lend
Inflection
| Athematic present with stem ablaut to a laryngeal-final root
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*audīmi
|
*audamam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*audīsi
|
*audatās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*audīti
|
*audato
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*audamosi
|
*audamo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*audatesi
|
*audastē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*audenti
|
*audanto
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*audū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*audesi
|
?
|
*audī
|
| 3rd singular
|
*audeti
|
?
|
*audītou
|
| 1st plural
|
*audomosi
|
?
|
*audamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*audetesi
|
?
|
*audate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*audonti
|
?
|
*audentou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*audīr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*audītar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*audītor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*audammor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*audadwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*audentor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*audūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*audetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*audetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*audommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*audedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*audontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*audonts
|
*audonte
|
*audontes
|
| vocative
|
*audonts
|
*audonte
|
*audontes
|
| accusative
|
*audontam
|
*audonte
|
*audontans
|
| genitive
|
*audantos
|
*?
|
*audantom
|
| dative
|
*audantei
|
*audantbom
|
*audantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*audantī?
|
*audantbim
|
*audantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*audantī
|
*audantī
|
*audantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*audantī
|
*audantī
|
*audantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*audantīm
|
*audantī
|
*audantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*audantyās
|
*?
|
*audantyom
|
| dative
|
*audantyāi
|
*audantyābom
|
*audantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*audantyābim
|
*audantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*audont
|
*?
|
*audonta
|
| vocative
|
*audont
|
*?
|
*audonta
|
| accusative
|
*audont
|
*?
|
*audonta
|
| genitive
|
*audantos
|
*?
|
*audantom
|
| dative
|
*audantei
|
*?
|
*audantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*audantī?
|
*?
|
*audantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*audamnos
|
*audamnou
|
*audamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*audamne
|
*audamnou
|
*audamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*audamnom
|
*audamnou
|
*audamnons
|
| genitive
|
*audamnī
|
*audamnous
|
*audamnom
|
| dative
|
*audamnūi
|
*audamnobom
|
*audamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*audamnū
|
*audamnobim
|
*audamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*audamnā
|
*audamnai
|
*audamnās
|
| vocative
|
*audamnā
|
*audamnai
|
*audamnās
|
| accusative
|
*audamnam
|
*audamnai
|
*audamnans
|
| genitive
|
*audamnās
|
*audamnous
|
*audamnom
|
| dative
|
*audamnai
|
*audamnābom
|
*audamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*audamnābim
|
*audamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*audamnom
|
*audamnou
|
*audamnā
|
| vocative
|
*audamnom
|
*audamnou
|
*audamnā
|
| accusative
|
*audamnom
|
*audamnou
|
*audamnā
|
| genitive
|
*audamnī
|
*audamnous
|
*audamnom
|
| dative
|
*audamnūi
|
*audamnobom
|
*audamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*audamnū
|
*audamnobim
|
*audamnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*audatos
|
*audatou
|
*audatoi
|
| vocative
|
*audate
|
*audatou
|
*audatoi
|
| accusative
|
*audatom
|
*audatou
|
*audatons
|
| genitive
|
*audatī
|
*audatous
|
*audatom
|
| dative
|
*audatūi
|
*audatobom
|
*audatobos
|
| instrumental
|
*audatū
|
*audatobim
|
*audatobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*audatā
|
*audatai
|
*audatās
|
| vocative
|
*audatā
|
*audatai
|
*audatās
|
| accusative
|
*audatam
|
*audatai
|
*audatans
|
| genitive
|
*audatās
|
*audatous
|
*audatom
|
| dative
|
*audatai
|
*audatābom
|
*audatābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*audatābim
|
*audatābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*audatom
|
*audatou
|
*audatā
|
| vocative
|
*audatom
|
*audatou
|
*audatā
|
| accusative
|
*audatom
|
*audatou
|
*audatā
|
| genitive
|
*audatī
|
*audatous
|
*audatom
|
| dative
|
*audatūi
|
*audatobom
|
*audatobos
|
| instrumental
|
*audatū
|
*audatobim
|
*audatobis
|
Alternative reconstructions
Derived terms
Descendants
- Old Irish: oidid (“to lend”)[3]
- Celtiberian: audintum (pres. part. gen. pl.), auzeti (3sg. subj.), auz (3sg. aorist), auzares (3pl. preterite), auzanto (3pl. aorist passive)
References
- ^ Jordán Cólera, Carlos (2015) “"Avdintvm", una nueva forma verbal en celtibérico y sus posibles relaciones paradigmáticas (auzeti, auzanto, auz, auzimei, auzares...)”, in Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios griegos e indoeuropeos (in Spanish), volume 25, number 0, →DOI, →ISSN
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 735
- ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 263-264