Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tuhma
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From earlier *tušma (whence also Proto-Samic *tosmē), possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *tušma (whence Komi-Zyrian дыш (dyš)). Alternatively, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *dusmaz (whence Danish dosmer, Norwegian Nynorsk dosmar).
Adjective
*tuhma[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *tuhma
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *tuhma | *tuhmat | |
| accusative | *tuhman | *tuhmat | |
| genitive | *tuhman | *tuhmadën *tuhmëidën | |
| partitive | *tuhmada | *tuhmëida | |
| inessive | *tuhmassa *tuhmahna |
*tuhmëissa *tuhmëihna | |
| elative | *tuhmasta | *tuhmëista | |
| illative | *tuhmahën | *tuhmëihën | |
| adessive | *tuhmalla | *tuhmëilla | |
| ablative | *tuhmalta | *tuhmëilta | |
| allative | *tuhmalën *tuhmalëk |
*tuhmëilën *tuhmëilëk | |
| essive | *tuhmana | *tuhmëina | |
| translative | *tuhmaksi | *tuhmëiksi | |
| instructive | *tuhman | *tuhmëin | |
| comitative | *tuhmanëk | *tuhmëinëk | |
| abessive | *tuhmatta | *tuhmëitta | |
Descendants
From *tuhma:
- Estonian: tuhm
- Finnish: tuhma
- → Northern Sami: došmi
- Ingrian: tuhma
- Karelian:
- Livvi: tuhmu
- Ludian: tuhm
- Veps: tuhm
- Võro: tuhm'
- Votic: tuhmõ
From *tühmä:
- Estonian: (dialectal) tühm
- Finnish: tyhmä
- → Northern Sami: diihmi
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: tyhmä
- ⇒ Ludian: tühmäk
References
Further reading
- “tuhm”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012