Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/varjat'ak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *warjaną + *-t'ak.[1]
Verb
*varjat'ak (stem *varjada-)
- to protect, to guard, to watch over
Inflection
Inflection of *varjat'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *varjadan | *varjacin | — | *varjatkon |
| 2nd sing. | *varjadat | *varjacit | *varjadak | *varjatkos |
| 3rd sing. | *varjadapi *varjat |
*varjaci | *varjatkasën | *varjatkosën |
| 1st plur. | *varjadakmëk *varjadakmak |
*varjacimëk *varjacimak |
*varjatkatëmëk *varjatkatamak |
*varjatkotëmëk *varjatkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *varjadaktëk *varjadaktak |
*varjacidëk *varjacidak |
*varjatkatë *varjatkata |
*varjatkot'ëk *varjatkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *varjadabat *varjat |
*varjaci | *varjatkasën | *varjatkosën |
| passive | *varjadaksën *varjadat'aksën |
*varjattisën *varjadattihën |
*varjattakahën *varjadattagasën |
*varjattakohën *varjadattagosën |
| connegative | *varjadak | — | *varjatkak | *varjatkok |
| passive connegative | *varjadaktak | — | *varjattagak *varjadattagak |
*varjattagok *varjadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *varjadakcin | *varjacicin | *varjannën | |
| 2nd sing. | *varjadakcit | *varjacicit | *varjannët | |
| 3rd sing. | *varjadakci | *varjacici | *varjanni | |
| 1st plur. | *varjadakcimëk *varjadakcimak |
*varjacicimëk *varjacicimak |
*varjannëmëk *varjannëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *varjadakcidëk *varjadakcidak |
*varjacicidëk *varjacicidak |
*varjannëdëk *varjannëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *varjadakci | *varjacici | *varjanni | |
| passive | *varjat'akcihën *varjadat'akcisën |
*varjatticihën *varjadatticisën |
*varjattanëhën *varjadattanësën | |
| connegative | *varjadakcik | *varjacicik | *varjannëk | |
| passive connegative | *varjat'akcik *varjadat'akcik |
*varjatticik *varjadatticik |
*varjattanëk *varjadattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *varjat'ak | present | *varjadapa | *varjattapa *varjadattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *varjattë- | past | *varjannut | *varjattu *varjadattu |
| gerund/supine | *varjadama | |||
| action noun | *varjadaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: varjama/varjata
- → Votic: varjõtõ (Jõgõperä)
From *varjëldak (derived with *-ldak):
- Finnish: varjella
- Votic: varjõllõ (Lempola)
References
- ^ Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “varjella”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN