Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/buljaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A zero-grade ye-present from the root of *bellaną (“to roar, ring”).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈbul.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*buljaną[1]

  1. to roar, bark

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *buljō *buljaų — *buljai ?
2nd singular *bulisi *buljais *buli *buljasai *buljaisau
3rd singular *buliþi *buljai *buljaþau *buljaþai *buljaiþau
1st dual *buljōs *buljaiw — — —
2nd dual *buljaþiz *buljaiþiz *buljaþiz — —
1st plural *buljamaz *buljaim — *buljanþai *buljainþau
2nd plural *buliþ *buljaiþ *buliþ *buljanþai *buljainþau
3rd plural *buljanþi *buljain *buljanþau *buljanþai *buljainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bulidǭ *bulidēdį̄
2nd singular *bulidēz *bulidēdīz
3rd singular *bulidē *bulidēdī
1st dual *bulidēdū *bulidēdīw
2nd dual *bulidēdudiz *bulidēdīdiz
1st plural *bulidēdum *bulidēdīm
2nd plural *bulidēdud *bulidēdīd
3rd plural *bulidēdun *bulidēdīn
present past
participles *buljandz *bulidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *bulljan
    • Old Dutch: *bullen
    • Old High German: bullen
      • Middle High German: büllen
  • Old Norse: bylja

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*buljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 62
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