Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hōlą (“vain speech, flattery, slander”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɔː.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hōlijaną[1][2]

  1. to speak vainly (of)
  2. to calumniate, slander

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hōlijō *hōlijaų — *hōlijai ?
2nd singular *hōlīsi *hōlijais *hōlī *hōlijasai *hōlijaisau
3rd singular *hōlīþi *hōlijai *hōlijaþau *hōlijaþai *hōlijaiþau
1st dual *hōlijōs *hōlijaiw — — —
2nd dual *hōlijaþiz *hōlijaiþiz *hōlijaþiz — —
1st plural *hōlijamaz *hōlijaim — *hōlijanþai *hōlijainþau
2nd plural *hōlīþ *hōlijaiþ *hōlīþ *hōlijanþai *hōlijainþau
3rd plural *hōlijanþi *hōlijain *hōlijanþau *hōlijanþai *hōlijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hōlidǭ *hōlidēdį̄
2nd singular *hōlidēz *hōlidēdīz
3rd singular *hōlidē *hōlidēdī
1st dual *hōlidēdū *hōlidēdīw
2nd dual *hōlidēdudiz *hōlidēdīdiz
1st plural *hōlidēdum *hōlidēdīm
2nd plural *hōlidēdud *hōlidēdīd
3rd plural *hōlidēdun *hōlidēdīn
present past
participles *hōlijandz *hōlidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hōlijan
    • Old English: hēlan
    • Old High German: huolen
  • Old Norse: hœla
    • Icelandic: hæla
    • Norwegian: høla (dialectal)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hōla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 239: “*hōljan-”
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xōljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182
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