Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlammōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An iterative formation to Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to sound”), closely related to the strong verb *hlimmaną.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxlam.mɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlammōną[1][2]

  1. to sound, to rumble, to roar

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hlamm- against *hlam-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlammō *hlammǭ — *hlammōi ?
2nd singular *hlammōsi *hlammōs *hlammō *hlammōsai *hlammōsau
3rd singular *hlammōþi *hlammō *hlammōþau *hlammōþai *hlammōþau
1st dual *hlammōs *hlammōw — — —
2nd dual *hlammōþiz *hlammōþiz *hlammōþiz — —
1st plural *hlammōmaz *hlammōm — *hlammōnþai *hlammōnþau
2nd plural *hlammōþ *hlammōþ *hlammōþ *hlammōnþai *hlammōnþau
3rd plural *hlammōnþi *hlammōn *hlammōnþau *hlammōnþai *hlammōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlammōdǭ *hlammōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hlammōdēz *hlammōdēdīz
3rd singular *hlammōdē *hlammōdēdī
1st dual *hlammōdēdū *hlammōdēdīw
2nd dual *hlammōdēdudiz *hlammōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hlammōdēdum *hlammōdēdīm
2nd plural *hlammōdēdud *hlammōdēdīd
3rd plural *hlammōdēdun *hlammōdēdīn
present past
participles *hlammōndz *hlammōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hlamōn
    • Old Saxon: hlamōn
    • Old High German: lamōn, hlamōn
  • Old Norse: hlamma

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 199, *hlam(m)ōn-
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xlam(m)ōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 174
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