Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/markō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“edge, boundary, border”), possibly from *merǵ- (“to divide”). Cognate with Persian (marz, “boundary, frontier”), Latin margō (“border, edge”), Proto-Celtic *mrogis (“region, country”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑr.kɔː/

Noun

*markō f

border, boundary
region, area

Inflection

Declension of *markō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*markō	*markôz
vocative	*markō	*markôz
accusative	*markǭ	*markōz
genitive	*markōz	*markǫ̂
dative	*markōi	*markōmaz
instrumental	*markō	*markōmiz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *marku
- Old English: mearc, merc
  - Middle English: marke, merke, mark
    - English: mark
    - Scots: merk, mark
- Old Frisian: merk
  - Saterland Frisian: Maak, Määrk
  - West Frisian: mark
- Old Saxon: marka
  - Middle Low German: marke
    - German Low German: Mark
- Old Dutch: *marka
  - Middle Dutch: marke
    - Dutch: mark
- Old High German: marka
  - Middle High German: marke, march, marc
    - German: Mark
- Suevic:
  - → Galician: marco
  - → Portuguese: marco
- → Medieval Latin: marca (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Norse: *ᛗᚨᚱᚲᚢ (*marku)
- Old Norse: mǫrk
  - Icelandic: mörk
  - Faroese: mørk
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: mork, mark
  - Old Swedish: mark
    - Swedish: mark
  - Danish: mark
    - Norwegian Bokmål: mark
  - → Old Irish: marg
    - Irish: marg
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰 (marka)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*markō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*markō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355

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