Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudigōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *naudigaz (wanted, needed) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈnɑu̯.ði.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*naudigōną[1]

  1. to compel, to force
  2. to invite, to compel to come

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *naudigō *naudigǭ *naudigōi ?
2nd singular *naudigōsi *naudigōs *naudigō *naudigōsai *naudigōsau
3rd singular *naudigōþi *naudigō *naudigōþau *naudigōþai *naudigōþau
1st dual *naudigōs *naudigōw
2nd dual *naudigōþiz *naudigōþiz *naudigōþiz
1st plural *naudigōmaz *naudigōm *naudigōnþai *naudigōnþau
2nd plural *naudigōþ *naudigōþ *naudigōþ *naudigōnþai *naudigōnþau
3rd plural *naudigōnþi *naudigōn *naudigōnþau *naudigōnþai *naudigōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *naudigōdǭ *naudigōdēdį̄
2nd singular *naudigōdēz *naudigōdēdīz
3rd singular *naudigōdē *naudigōdēdī
1st dual *naudigōdēdū *naudigōdēdīw
2nd dual *naudigōdēdudiz *naudigōdēdīdiz
1st plural *naudigōdēdum *naudigōdēdīm
2nd plural *naudigōdēdud *naudigōdēdīd
3rd plural *naudigōdēdun *naudigōdēdīn
present past
participles *naudigōndz *naudigōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *naudigōn
    • Old Frisian: nêdigia
      • West Frisian: noadzje, noegje, needzje
    • Old Saxon: *nōdigon
    • Old Dutch: *nōdigon
    • Old High German: nōtagōn, nōtīgōn, nōtigōn
  • Old Norse: nauðga
    • Icelandic: nauðga
    • Faroese: neyðga
    • Old Swedish: nöþgha

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*nauđiʒōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 282