Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smartaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)merd-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsmɑr.tɑz/

Adjective

*smartaz

  1. painful, hurting, aching

Inflection

Declension of *smartaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *smartaz *smartō *smartą, -atō *smartai *smartôz *smartō
accusative *smartanǭ *smartǭ *smartą, -atō *smartanz *smartōz *smartō
genitive *smartas, -is *smartaizōz *smartas, -is *smartaizǫ̂ *smartaizǫ̂ *smartaizǫ̂
dative *smartammai *smartaizōi *smartammai *smartaimaz *smartaimaz *smartaimaz
instrumental *smartanō *smartaizō *smartanō *smartaimiz *smartaimiz *smartaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *smartô *smartǭ *smartô *smartaniz *smartōniz *smartōnō
accusative *smartanų *smartōnų *smartô *smartanunz *smartōnunz *smartōnō
genitive *smartiniz *smartōniz *smartiniz *smartanǫ̂ *smartōnǫ̂ *smartanǫ̂
dative *smartini *smartōni *smartini *smartammaz *smartōmaz *smartammaz
instrumental *smartinē *smartōnē *smartinē *smartammiz *smartōmiz *smartammiz
  • *smertaną (“to hurt”)
  • *smertą (“pain, hurting”)

Descendants

  • Old English: smeart
    • Middle English: smert, smart, smarte, smært, smeart, smerte
      • English: smart (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: smert
  • Old Frisian: smert
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