Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hacwabāráh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From *Hácwah (“horse”) +‎ *bāráh (“carried”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰor-ó-s, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”) +‎ *-ós.

Noun

*Hacwabāráh m^[1]

horseman

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hacwabāráh	*Hacwabārā́(w)	*Hacwabārā́h(ah)
vocative	*Hácwabāra	*Hácwabārā(w)	*Hácwabārāh(ah)
accusative	*Hacwabārám	*Hacwabārā́(w)	*Hacwabārā́nh
instrumental	*HacwabāráH	*Hacwabāráybʰyā(m)	*Hacwabārā́yš
ablative	*Hacwabārā́t	*Hacwabāráybʰyā(m)	*Hacwabāráybʰyah
dative	*Hacwabārā́y	*Hacwabāráybʰyā(m)	*Hacwabāráybʰyah
genitive	*Hacwabāráhya	*Hacwabāráyāh	*Hacwabārā́naHam
locative	*Hacwabāráy	*Hacwabāráyaw	*Hacwabāráyšu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (aspabāra)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾ(Y)SPBR(D)K /⁠aspabārak⁠/)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (aśśbāra)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Old Median: *aspaβārah
  - → Aramaic:
    Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀‬𐡎‬𐡐‬𐡁‬𐡓 (ʾspbr)
  - → Akkadian:
    Late Babylonian: 𒊍𒉺𒁇 (as-pa-bar /⁠aspabar⁠/)
  - → Sanskrit: अश्ववार (aśvavāra)
    - → Gujarati: અશ્વવાર (aśvavār)
- Zazaki: espar
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /⁠asabāraʰ⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: ʾswbʾl, ʾsp̄wʾl (/⁠aswār⁠/)
    - Classical Persian: سوار (suwār) (see there for further descendants)
      Iranian Persian: سوار (sovâr, savâr)
      Tajik: савор (savor)
      - → Gurani: سوار (swār), سوارە (swāra)
      - → Kurdish:
        Northern Kurdish: siwar
        Central Kurdish: سوار (swar)
        Southern Kurdish: سووار (suwar)
      - → Lurish:
        Northern Luri: سۋار (süār)
        Silakhori: سڤار (sevār)
      Bakhtiari: سڤار (sevār)
      Southern Luri: سڤار (sevār)
  - → Arabic: أُسْوَار (ʔuswār), إِسْوَار (ʔiswār), الأَسَاوِرَة pl (al-ʔasāwira), الأَسَاوِر pl (al-ʔasāwir)
    - → Persian: اسوار (osvâr), اساوره pl (asâvere), اساور pl (asâver)
  - → Bactrian: ασβαρο (asbaro)
  - → Persian: اسوار (asvâr, esvâr), اسواران pl (asvârân)
  - → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܘܪ (eswār)
  - → Old Gujarati: असवार (asavāra)
    - Gujarati: અસવાર (asavār)
    - Marwari:
      Devanagari script: असवार (asvār)
      Mahajani script: 𑅐𑅰𑅯𑅭 (asvr)
- → Parthian: 𐭀𐭎𐭁𐭓𐭉 (ʾsbry)

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*aśu̯a-bāra-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 244

[1] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*aśu̯a-bāra-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 244

[1]