Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Secondary causative of *járati.^[1]

Verb

*jāráyati

to be angered, vexed
to be tormented, pained

Derived terms

*aHjāráyati
*jāryáh
*jārah
- Baluchi: زار (zâr, “anger”)^[2]
- Parthian: (“sorrow, suffering”)^[3]
  Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫡 (zʾr /⁠zār⁠/)
  - → Middle Persian: *zār
    - Persian: زار (zâr, “lamentation”)
      - → Armenian: զար (zar), զառ (zaṙ)
      - → Azerbaijani: zar
      - → Georgian: ზარი (zari)
      - → Gujarati: ઝાર (jhār)
- Pashto: زور (zawër, “grief, concern, anxiety”)
*upajāráyati
- Khotanese: [script needed] (pzʾr-, “to blame, rebuke”)
- Sogdian:
  Old Sogdian script: [Old Sogdian needed] (ʾpzʾrnʾt /⁠(ə)pzarnāt⁠/, “to disturb”, 3sg.subj.pres.)^[4]^[2]
*wijāráyati
- Middle Persian: (/⁠widārēd, wiyārēd⁠/, “to suffer, endure”)^[5] (restored -d-?)
  Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (wydʾryd)
  - → Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫍 (wydʾryh /⁠widārē⁠/, 2sg.pres.), 𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫗𐫅 (wdʾrynd /⁠widārēnd⁠/, 3pl.pres.)

Descendants

Parthian: *zārdēd
- → Middle Persian: *zārdēd
  - Persian: زاریدن (zâridan)^[3]

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH¹ 'to hurt, wound, anger'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH³ 'to bewail the deceased'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
^ Gharib, B. (1995) “1411”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 55
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*darH 'to have pain'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 61

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178

[zarH¹-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH¹ 'to hurt, wound, anger'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469

[zarH³-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH³ 'to bewail the deceased'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470

[4] Gharib, B. (1995) “1411”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 55

[5] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*darH 'to have pain'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 61

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