Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/matḳ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

See *mataḳ- (“to be sweet”).

Noun

*matḳ- m or f

sweetness
something sweet

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *matḳ-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*matḳum	*matḳāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*matḳam	*matḳayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*matḳim	*matḳayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	matḳī / matḳVya	—	*matḳVni
2^nd person m	*matḳVka	matḳVkumā / matḳVkumay	*matḳVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*matḳVki	matḳVkumā / matḳVkumay	*matḳVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*matḳVšu	matḳVšumā / matḳVšumay	*matḳVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*matḳVša	matḳVšumā / matḳVšumay	*matḳVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *matḳuya for nom. case, *matḳiya for gen. case, *matḳaya for acc. case, etc.

Feminine:

Declension of *matḳ-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*matḳum	*matḳāna	*mataḳātum
accusative	*matḳam	*matḳayna	*mataḳātim
genitive	*matḳim	*matḳayna	*mataḳātim

possessive forms
1^st person	matḳī / matḳVya	—	*matḳVni
2^nd person m	*matḳVka	matḳVkumā / matḳVkumay	*matḳVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*matḳVki	matḳVkumā / matḳVkumay	*matḳVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*matḳVšu	matḳVšumā / matḳVšumay	*matḳVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*matḳVša	matḳVšumā / matḳVšumay	*matḳVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *matḳuya for nom. case, *matḳiya for gen. case, *matḳaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒃻𒈬𒌓𒆪𒌑 (mutqûm, “sweet bread”)
  - → Hittite: 𒃻𒆸𒊏𒆯𒆯 (^NINDAKUR₄.RA KU₇-KU₇ /⁠mitgaimi-⁠/, “sweet bread”) (if not the other way around^[1])
  - → Luwian: 𒈪𒀉𒂵𒄿𒈪 (mi-it-ga-i-mi /⁠mitgaimi-⁠/, “sweet(ened)”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: מֹתֶק (mótek, mṓṯeq), מֶתֶק (métek, méṯeq)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Ge'ez: መተቀ (mätäḳä)

Adjective

*matḳ-^[2]

sweet

Inflection

Declension of *matḳ-
	singular		dual		plural
	m	f	m	f	m	f
nominative	*matḳum	*matḳatum	*matḳāna	*matḳatāna	*matḳūna	*matḳātum
accusative	*matḳam	*matḳatam	*matḳayna	*matḳatayna	*matḳīna	*matḳātim
genitive	*matḳim	*matḳatim	*matḳayna	*matḳatayna	*matḳīna	*matḳātim

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒆯𒆯 (matqum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      - Classical Syriac: ܡܬܩ (məṯaq)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: מָתוֹק (matók, māṯôq)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎚𐎖 (mtq /⁠mataqu⁠/)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Ge'ez: መተቀ (mätäḳä)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Soqotri: meṭuq
  - Mehri: maṭaq

References

^ Rabin, Chaim (1963) “Hittite Words in Hebrew”, in Orientalia, volume 32, number 2, →DOI, page 130
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 82: “Proto-Semitic *mVtk- ‘sweet’”

[1] Rabin, Chaim (1963) “Hittite Words in Hebrew”, in Orientalia, volume 32, number 2, →DOI, page 130

[2] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 82: “Proto-Semitic *mVtk- ‘sweet’”

[1]

[2]