Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ayaŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*hayaŕ
*āyaŕ

Etymology

Nişanyan and Eren both suggest a derivation from *āya- (“to become clear; to have a moon”) itself from *āy (“moon”). Note that both this word and *āy have initial h- in Khalaj.

Noun

*ayaŕ

clear sky
frost

Declension

Declension of *ayaŕ
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*ayaŕ
accusative	ayaŕïg, ayaŕnï¹⁾
genitive	*ayaŕnïŋ
dative	*ayaŕka
locative	*ayaŕta
ablative	*ayaŕtan
allative	*ayaŕgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*ayaŕïn
equative ²⁾	*ayaŕča
similative ²⁾	*ayaŕlayu
comitative ²⁾	*ayaŕlïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: уяр (ujar, “clear”)
Proto-Common Turkic: *ayaz

Arghu:
- Khalaj: hayâz
Oghuz:
- Proto-Oghuz: *ayaz
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: آیَازْ (ayaz)
    - Azerbaijani: ayaz
    - Gagauz: ayaz, ayoz
    - Ottoman Turkish: آیاز (ayaz)
      - Turkish: ayaz
      - → Armenian: այազ (ayaz)
      - → Greek: αγιάζι (agiázi)
      - → Laz: აჲაზი (ayazi)
  - Turkmen: aýaz
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اَيازْ (ayaz)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ayaz)
    - Chagatai: اياز (ayaz)
      - Uzbek: ayoz
      - Uyghur: ئاياز (ayaz)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: اياز (ayaz)
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: аяҙ (ayaź)
    - Tatar: аяз (ayaz)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: ayaz
    - Kumyk: аяз (ayaz)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: аяз (aäz)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: аяз (ayaz)
      - Southern Altai: айас (ayas)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur:
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (ajas)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: аяс (ayas)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: аяс (ayas)

References

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 123
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “aya:s”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 276
Eren, Hasan (1999) “ayaz”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 26
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ayaz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 102
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ańaŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 11