Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kulkak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Noun

*kulkak

ear

Declension

Declension of *kulkak
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*kulkak
accusative	kulkakïg, kulkaknï¹⁾
genitive	*kulkaknïŋ
dative	*kulkakka
locative	*kulkakda
ablative	*kulkakdan
allative	*kulkakgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*kulkakïn
equative ²⁾	*kulkakča
similative ²⁾	*kulkaklayu
comitative ²⁾	*kulkaklïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: хӑлха (hălh̬a)
- →? Proto-Mongolic: *kulkï
  - Mongolian: хулхи (xulxi, “earwax, inner ear”)
Proto-Common Turkic:

Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قُلَقْ (qulaq), قُلْقاقْ (qulqaq)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (qulaɣ)
    - Uyghur: قۇلاق (qulaq)
    - Uzbek: quloq
Kipchak:
- Northern Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ҡолаҡ (qolaq)
  - Tatar: колак (qolaq)
- Western Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: qulaq
  - Karachay-Balkar: къулакъ (qulaq)
  - Karaim: къулакъ
  - Kumyk: къулакъ (qulaq)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Karakalpak: qulaq
  - Kazakh: құлақ (qūlaq)
  - Nogai: кулак (kulak)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: кулак (kulak)
  - Southern Altai: кулак (kulak)
Arghu:
- Khalaj: qulaq
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: قلاق (qulaq)
  - Azerbaijani: qulaq
  - Ottoman Turkish: قولاق (kulak)
    - Gagauz: kulak
    - Turkish: kulak
- Eastern:
  - Salar: gulaq
  - Turkmen: gulak
- Southern:
  - Qashqai: قُلَقْ (qulaq)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰴𐰴 (q̊¹ul¹qq /⁠qulqaq⁠/)
- Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽲 (qwlqʾq /⁠ḳulḳaḳ⁠/)
- Yenisei Turkic:
  - Khakas: хулах (xulax)
  - Shor: қулақ
- Sayan Turkic:
  - Tofa: қулақ
  - Tuvan: кулак (kulak)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: кулгаах
  - Yakut: кулгаах (kulgaaq)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kulkak”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 621
Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, pages 124-127
Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 204-205
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kul-kak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill