Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/toku

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*tokū (per Clauson)
*tokïgu (if from *tokï-)

Etymology

Perhaps related to *tokï- (“to weave”) and/or *tak- (“to bind”).

Noun

*toku

buckle, belt clasp

Declension

Declension of *toku
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*toku
accusative	tokug, tokunï¹⁾
genitive	*tokunuŋ
dative	*tokuka
locative	*tokuda
ablative	*tokudan
allative	*tokugaru
instrumental ²⁾	*tokun
equative ²⁾	*tokuča
similative ²⁾	*tokulayu
comitative ²⁾	*tokulugu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Viryal Chuvash: тӑга (tăga)
Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Azerbaijani: toqqa
- Ottoman Turkish: طوقه (toka)
  - Turkish: toka
  - → Macedonian: тока (toka)
- Turkmen: toqa
Karluk:
- Chagatai: [script needed] (tokka)
  - Uzbek: to‘qa
Kipchak:
- Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (ṭoɣa)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Kazakh: тоға (toğa)
Siberian Turkic:
- Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽰 (twqʾ /⁠toġa⁠/)
  - Western Yugur: toɢa (toɣa)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(2) toku: (? toko:)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 466-467
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*toku”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 485
Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎^[2] (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 525