Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāz-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yạŕ-

Proto-Turkic

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

*yāz-

to err, to sin, to mistake
to miss, to miss out

Descendants

Proto-Common Turkic: *yāz-

Oghuz
- Old Anatolian Turkish: یازمق (yazmaq)
  - Turkish: -eyazmak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: یَزْماقْ (yazmaq)
  - Chagatai:
    - Uzbek: yozmoq
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Tatar: язу (yazu)
  - Bashkir: яҙыу (yaźıw)
- West Kipchak:
  - Kipchak: jazdím (“I missed”) (Codex Cumanicus)
  - Karachay-Balkar: джазыу (cazıu)
  - Kumyk: языкъ (yazıq)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: жазу (jazu)
    - Karakalpak: жазыў
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: жазуу (jazuu)
    - Southern Altai: јас- (ǰas-)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yaz-)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: һыыс
  - Yakut: сыыс (sııs)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: [script needed] (čas-)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: [script needed] (čas-)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *yāz-uk (“mistake, error; sin”), *yāz-ïk,

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: یازق (yazuq), یازوق (yazuq), یزق (yazuq), یازوخ (yazuḫ), یازغ (yazuġ)
  - Azerbaijani: yazıq
    - → Armenian: յազըխ (yazəx)
    - → Lezgi: язух (äzuꭓ), язугь (äzuh)
  - Gagauz: yazık
  - Ottoman Turkish: یازق (yazık)
    - Turkish: yazık
- Salar: yasuq
- Turkmen: ýāzyk
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: یازُقْ (yāzuq)
  - Chagatai: یازوق (yazuq)
    - Uzbek: yoziq
Kipchak:
- Kipchak-Bulgar:
  - Bashkir: яҙыҡ (yaźıq)
  - Tatar: язык (yazıq)
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Kipchak: yazoc, yazuc, jæzíh, iezik, iazuk, yaxuc
    - Crimean Tatar: yazıq
    - Kumyk: языкъ (yazıq)
      - → Avar: язихъ (jaziqx)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Kazakh: жазық (jazyq)
  - Nogai: [script needed] (yazıq)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жазык (jazık)
  - Southern Altai: јазык (ǰazïk)
Siberian Turkic:
- Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽴𐽳𐽲 (yʾzwq /⁠yazuḳ⁠/)
- South Siberian Turkic:
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: чазых (çazıx)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

*yāz-

to become untied, dissolve

Descendants

Oghuz:
- Turkmen: ýāzmak
Kipchak:
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Kipchak: jazarmen (Codex Cumanicus)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 983-984
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jạ̄ŕ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill