Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hrōpan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną.

Verb

*hrōpan

  1. to cry out, call, shout

Inflection

Strong class 7e
Infinitive *hrōpan
1st sg. past *hreōp
3rd pl. past *hreōpun
Past ptcple *hrōpan
Infinitive *hrōpan
Genitive infin. *hrōpannjas
Dative infin. *hrōpannjē
Instrum. infin. *hrōpannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *hrōpu *hreōp
2nd singular *hrōpiʀi *hreōpī
3rd singular *hrōpidi *hreōp
1st plural *hrōpum *hreōpum
2nd plural *hrōpid *hreōpud
3rd plural *hrōpand *hreōpun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *hrōpē *hreōpī
2nd singular *hrōpēs *hreōpī
3rd singular *hrōpē *hreōpī
1st plural *hrōpēm *hreōpīm
2nd plural *hrōpēþ *hreōpīd
3rd plural *hrōpēn *hreōpīn
Imperative Present
Singular *hrōp
Plural *hrōpid
Present Past
Participle *hrōpandī *hrōpan

Descendants

  • Old English: hrōpan
    • Middle English: ropen, rope, roupe, rupe
      • English: roop, roup
      • Scots: roup; croup
  • Old Frisian: hrōpa
  • Old Saxon: hrōpan
  • Old Dutch: ruopan
    • Middle Dutch: roepen
      • Dutch: roepen (see there for further descendants)
      • Limburgish: rope
  • Old High German: ruofan, hruofan