Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ubilōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *ubil (“evil, bad”) +‎ *-ōn.

Verb

*ubilōn

  1. to do evil
  2. to damage

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive *ubilōn
1st sg. past *ubilōdā
Infinitive *ubilōn
Genitive infin. *ubilōnijas
Dative infin. *ubilōnijē
Instrum. infin. *ubilōniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *ubilō *ubilōdā
2nd singular *ubilōs *ubilōdēs, *ubilōdōs
3rd singular *ubilōþ *ubilōdē, *ubilōdā
1st plural *ubilōm *ubilōdum
2nd plural *ubilōþ *ubilōdud
3rd plural *ubilōnþ *ubilōdun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *ubilō *ubilōdī
2nd singular *ubilōs *ubilōdī
3rd singular *ubilō *ubilōdī
1st plural *ubilōm *ubilōdīm
2nd plural *ubilōþ *ubilōdīd
3rd plural *ubilōn *ubilōdīn
Imperative Present
Singular *ubilō
Plural *ubilōþ
Present Past
Participle *ubilōndī *ubilōd

Descendants

  • Old English: yfelian
  • Old Frisian: evelia
  • Old Dutch: *uvilon
    • Middle Dutch: uevelen, ōvelen, ēvelen
      • Dutch: euvelen (obsolete)
  • Old High German: *ubilōn
    • Middle High German: übelen, ubelen
      • German: übeln
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