Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/tuwVŋʷ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

*tʰum, *tum- (per Werner 2002)
*tʰūˑm, *tʰumaŋ, *tʰumej (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
*tum (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: t.2-m.1)

Etymology

Composed of *tuw (“clay”) +‎ *-Vŋʷ (adjectival suffix), literally “clay-colored”.

Adjective

*tuwVŋʷ

black

Descendants

Ketic:
- Imbak Ket: túemam, tuumfia
  - Ket: тум (tūm), тумсь (tūmsʲ)
    - ⇒ Ket: тумиӷус (tumíʁus, “prison”, literally “black-house”)
- Ostyak Yug: tuums'a (tuːmsʲa)
  - Yug: тумси (tumsi)
Kottic:
- Assan: tuma, puma
- Kott: t'u:ma (tʲuːma), tuma (tuma), tʰum (tʰum)
- Kott: túma (“blue”)
Arinic:
- Arin: t'u:ma (tʲuːma)
- Arin: t'um'a (tʲumʲa, “It is black (or grey.)”) (Attested as a sentence.)
Pumpokolic:
- Pumpokol: túma
  - ⇒ Pumpokol: tum-chórgossin (“lead”)
- Pumpokol: tuma (“It is black.”) (Attested as a sentence.)

Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎^[1], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 54 of 39-82
Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎^[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 268 of 216-293
Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*tʰūˑm < *tʰumaŋ, *tʰumej”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 916-917
Vajda, Edward (2024) “*tuw-Vŋʷ (Tab. 18)”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 416
Werner, Heinrich (2002) “¹tuˑms'”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 295-296
Werner, Heinrich (2005) “black”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 285
Werner, Heinrich (2005) “blue”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 285