Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-dhulumu (infinitive kudhulumu)
- to oppress
- to treat unjustly
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -dhulumu
|
| Positive present
|
-nadhulumu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-dhulumu
|
| Negative
|
-dhulumu
|
| Imperative singular
|
dhulumu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
dhulumu
|
| Plural
|
dhulumuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hudhulumu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lidhulumu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kudhulumu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhulumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninadhulumu/nadhulumu
|
tunadhulumu
|
| 2nd person
|
unadhulumu
|
mnadhulumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadhulumu
|
wanadhulumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nadhulumu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhulumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sidhulumu
|
hatudhulumu
|
| 2nd person
|
hudhulumu
|
hamdhulumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hadhulumu
|
hawadhulumu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -dhulumu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tadhulumu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tadhulumu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhulumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nidhulumu
|
tudhulumu
|
| 2nd person
|
udhulumu
|
mdhulumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhulumu
|
wadhulumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -dhulumu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sidhulumu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngedhulumu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singedhulumu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalidhulumu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalidhulumu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhulumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nadhulumu
|
twadhulumu
|
| 2nd person
|
wadhulumu
|
mwadhulumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhulumu
|
wadhulumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wadhulumu
|
yadhulumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
ladhulumu
|
yadhulumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chadhulumu
|
vyadhulumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yadhulumu
|
zadhulumu
|
| u(XI)
|
wadhulumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwadhulumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
padhulumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwadhulumu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -medhulumu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshadhulumu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jadhulumu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kidhulumu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipodhulumu
|
| Consecutive
|
kadhulumu / positive subject concord + -kadhulumu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kadhulumu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nidhulumu
|
-tudhulumu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kudhulumu
|
-wadhulumu/-kudhulumuni/-wadhulumuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mdhulumu
|
-wadhulumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-udhulumu
|
-idhulumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lidhulumu
|
-yadhulumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kidhulumu
|
-vidhulumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-idhulumu
|
-zidhulumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-udhulumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kudhulumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-padhulumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mudhulumu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jidhulumu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhulumu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-dhulumuye
|
-dhulumuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-dhulumuo
|
-dhulumuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-dhulumulo
|
-dhulumuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-dhulumucho
|
-dhulumuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-dhulumuyo
|
-dhulumuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-dhulumuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-dhulumuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-dhulumupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-dhulumumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhulumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yedhulumu
|
-odhulumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-odhulumu
|
-yodhulumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lodhulumu
|
-yodhulumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chodhulumu
|
-vyodhulumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yodhulumu
|
-zodhulumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-odhulumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kodhulumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-podhulumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-modhulumu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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