durain

English

Etymology

From Latin dūrus (“hard”) + -ain in fusain;[1][2] compare French -ain (“-ane”).[3] Coined by British birth control campaigner and paleontologist Marie Stopes in 1918.[4]

Noun

durain (countable and uncountable, plural durains)

  1. A type of coal. This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    • 1954, Wilfrid Francis, “The Coal Series—Terminology, Structure and Petrology”, in Coal: Its Formation and Composition, London: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., →OCLC, page 262:
      The comparative absence of durain in many American coals caused some confusion in early attempts to correlate the English and American systems of nomenclature, since the duller portions of the American coals were at first compared with the English durains, whereas they should have been compared with the duller portions of clarains.
    • 1968 September, Ashwini Kumar Singh, “The Source of Coal Samples”, in Desorption Studies of Gases from Coal, Edmonton, Alta.: University of Alberta, →OCLC, “Experimental Studies” section, page 27:
      Bands are visible in the coal from this seam, and there are more durain and fusain parts of coal than vitrain and clairain.
    • 2008, Joan S. Esterle, “Breakage During Mining”, in Isabel Suárez-Ruiz, John C. Crelling, editors, Applied Coal Petrology: The Role of Petrology in Coal Utilization, Burlington, Mass.; San Diego, Calif.; London: Academic Press, →ISBN, chapter 3 (Mining and Beneficiation), page 70:
      The more durain-rich eastern Kentucky coal, with a higher proportion of inertinite- and liptinite-rich microlithotypes within the relatively low-HGI dull lithotypes, did not show as great a shift toward inertinite concentration in the fines as did the brighter western Kentucky coal.

References

  1. ^ “durain, n.”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  2. ^ “durain, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
  3. ^ “clarain, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
  4. ^ Marie C[armichael] Stopes (22 August 1918) “On the Four Visible Ingredients in Banded Bituminous Coal: Studies in the Composition of Coal, No. 1”, in Proceedings of the Royal Society, series B (Biological Sciences), volume 90, number B 633, London: […] [F]or the Royal Society by Harrison & Sons, […], published 15 May 1919, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 472:
    These four distinguishable ingredients, all of which, in varying quantities, are to be found in most ordinary bituminous coals, I name provisionally as follows:—(i) Fusain* […] (ii) Durain† […] (iii) Clarain† […] (iv) Vitrain† […]
    * The French name, adopted into English by J. J. Stevenson (1911–13) and Stopes and Wheeler (1918), to replace our native unwieldy and misleading names “mother of coal” and “mineral charcoal.”
    † The first use of new terms suggested by the present author, and each based on a Latin root descriptive of the substance and terminated in -⁠ain to match fusain. The latter word is a French word used by geologists in a specialised sense.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.