geniþerian

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ganiþerōn, variant of *ganiþrijan, equivalent to ġe- +‎ niþerian. Cognate with Old Dutch ginitheren, genitheron, Old High German ginidaren.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jeˈni.θer.jɑn/, [jeˈni.ðerˠ.jɑn]

Verb

ġeniþerian

  1. to bring down, bring low; to humble, humiliate
  2. to subdue
  3. to condemn
    • late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
      Wrīteð Eutropius þæt Constantinus sē cāsere wǣre on Breotone ācenned, ⁊ æfter his fæder tō rīċe fēng. Þæs cyninges tīdum sē Arrianisċa ġedwola wæs upcumen; ⁊ þæt dēadbærende āttor his ġetrēowlēasnysse, nalæs þæt on eallum middanġeardes ċyriċum þæt hē streġde, ac hit ēac swylċe on þis ēalond becōm. Sē ġedweola was on þām Nyceanisċan sinoþe ġeniðerad ⁊ āfylled on Constantinus dagum.
      Eutropius writes that the emperor Constantine was born in Britain, and became king after his father. During his time, the Arian heresy was stirred up, and he spread the deadly poison of his infidelity not only to all the churches of the earth, but it also to this island. The heresy was condemned at the Council of Nicaea and was suppressed in Constantine's day.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ġeniþerian (weak, class 2)
infinitive ġeniþerian ġeniþerienne
indicative mood present tense past tense
first person singular ġeniþeriġe ġeniþerode
second person singular ġeniþerast ġeniþerodest
third person singular ġeniþeraþ ġeniþerode
plural ġeniþeriaþ ġeniþerodon
subjunctive present tense past tense
singular ġeniþeriġe ġeniþerode
plural ġeniþeriġen ġeniþeroden
imperative
singular ġeniþera
plural ġeniþeriaþ
participle present past
ġeniþeriende ġeniþerod

Derived terms

  • ġeniþerung

Descendants

  • Middle English: netheren, nitheren (merged with descendant of Old English niþerian)
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