Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic خَصْم (ḵaṣm).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
hasimu class V (plural mahasimu class VI)
- enemy, rival
Verb
-hasimu (infinitive kuhasimu)
- to contend
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hasimu
|
| Positive present
|
-nahasimu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hasimu
|
| Negative
|
-hasimu
|
| Imperative singular
|
hasimu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hasimu
|
| Plural
|
hasimuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhasimu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihasimu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhasimu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahasimu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahasimu/nahasimu
|
tunahasimu
|
| 2nd person
|
unahasimu
|
mnahasimu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahasimu
|
wanahasimu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahasimu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hasimu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihasimu
|
hatuhasimu
|
| 2nd person
|
huhasimu
|
hamhasimu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahasimu
|
hawahasimu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hasimu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahasimu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahasimu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hasimu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihasimu
|
tuhasimu
|
| 2nd person
|
uhasimu
|
mhasimu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahasimu
|
wahasimu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hasimu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihasimu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehasimu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehasimu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihasimu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihasimu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahasimu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahasimu
|
twahasimu
|
| 2nd person
|
wahasimu
|
mwahasimu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahasimu
|
wahasimu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahasimu
|
yahasimu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahasimu
|
yahasimu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahasimu
|
vyahasimu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahasimu
|
zahasimu
|
| u(XI)
|
wahasimu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahasimu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahasimu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahasimu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehasimu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahasimu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahasimu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihasimu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohasimu
|
| Consecutive
|
kahasimu / positive subject concord + -kahasimu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahasimu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihasimu
|
-tuhasimu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhasimu
|
-wahasimu/-kuhasimuni/-wahasimuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhasimu
|
-wahasimu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhasimu
|
-ihasimu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihasimu
|
-yahasimu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihasimu
|
-vihasimu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihasimu
|
-zihasimu
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhasimu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhasimu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahasimu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhasimu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihasimu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hasimu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hasimuye
|
-hasimuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hasimuo
|
-hasimuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hasimulo
|
-hasimuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hasimucho
|
-hasimuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hasimuyo
|
-hasimuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hasimuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hasimuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hasimupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hasimumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hasimu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehasimu
|
-ohasimu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohasimu
|
-yohasimu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohasimu
|
-yohasimu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohasimu
|
-vyohasimu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohasimu
|
-zohasimu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohasimu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohasimu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohasimu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohasimu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 90 Nr. 799