Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-itwa (infinitive kuitwa)
- Passive form of -ita: to be called or named
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -itwa
|
| Positive present
|
-naitwa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-itwe
|
| Negative
|
-itwi
|
| Imperative singular
|
itwa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuitwa
|
| Negative
|
kutoitwa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
itwa
|
| Plural
|
itweni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huitwa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liitwa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuitwa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naitwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaitwa/naitwa
|
tunaitwa
|
| 2nd person
|
unaitwa
|
mnaitwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaitwa
|
wanaitwa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naitwa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -itwi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siitwi
|
hatuitwi
|
| 2nd person
|
huitwi
|
hamwitwi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haitwi
|
hawaitwi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -itwi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taitwa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taitwa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -itwe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niitwe
|
tuitwe
|
| 2nd person
|
uitwe
|
mwitwe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aitwe
|
waitwe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -itwe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siitwe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeitwa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeitwa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliitwa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliitwa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aitwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naitwa
|
twaitwa
|
| 2nd person
|
waitwa
|
mwaitwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aitwa
|
waitwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waitwa
|
yaitwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laitwa
|
yaitwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaitwa
|
vyaitwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaitwa
|
zaitwa
|
| u(XI)
|
waitwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaitwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paitwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaitwa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meitwa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaitwa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaitwa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiitwa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoitwa
|
| Consecutive
|
kaitwa / positive subject concord + -kaitwa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaitwe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niitwa
|
-tuitwa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuitwa
|
-waitwa/-kuitweni/-waitweni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mwitwa
|
-waitwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uitwa
|
-iitwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liitwa
|
-yaitwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiitwa
|
-viitwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iitwa
|
-ziitwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-uitwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuitwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paitwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muitwa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiitwa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -itwa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-itwaye
|
-itwao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-itwao
|
-itwayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-itwalo
|
-itwayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-itwacho
|
-itwavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itwayo
|
-itwazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-itwao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-itwako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-itwapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-itwamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -itwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeitwa
|
-oitwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oitwa
|
-yoitwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loitwa
|
-yoitwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choitwa
|
-vyoitwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoitwa
|
-zoitwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-oitwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koitwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poitwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moitwa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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