Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-kosoa (infinitive kukosoa)
- to criticize
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kosoa
|
| Positive present
|
-nakosoa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kosoe
|
| Negative
|
-kosoi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kosoa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kukosoa
|
| Negative
|
kutokosoa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kosoa
|
| Plural
|
kosoeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukosoa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likosoa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukosoa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakosoa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakosoa/nakosoa
|
tunakosoa
|
| 2nd person
|
unakosoa
|
mnakosoa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakosoa
|
wanakosoa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakosoa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kosoi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikosoi
|
hatukosoi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukosoi
|
hamkosoi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakosoi
|
hawakosoi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kosoi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takosoa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takosoa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kosoe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikosoe
|
tukosoe
|
| 2nd person
|
ukosoe
|
mkosoe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akosoe
|
wakosoe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kosoe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikosoe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekosoa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekosoa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikosoa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikosoa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akosoa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakosoa
|
twakosoa
|
| 2nd person
|
wakosoa
|
mwakosoa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akosoa
|
wakosoa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakosoa
|
yakosoa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakosoa
|
yakosoa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakosoa
|
vyakosoa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakosoa
|
zakosoa
|
| u(XI)
|
wakosoa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakosoa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakosoa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakosoa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekosoa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakosoa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakosoa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikosoa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokosoa
|
| Consecutive
|
kakosoa / positive subject concord + -kakosoa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakosoe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikosoa
|
-tukosoa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukosoa
|
-wakosoa/-kukosoeni/-wakosoeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkosoa
|
-wakosoa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukosoa
|
-ikosoa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likosoa
|
-yakosoa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikosoa
|
-vikosoa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikosoa
|
-zikosoa
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukosoa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukosoa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakosoa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukosoa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikosoa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kosoa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kosoaye
|
-kosoao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kosoao
|
-kosoayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kosoalo
|
-kosoayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kosoacho
|
-kosoavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kosoayo
|
-kosoazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kosoao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosoako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kosoapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kosoamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kosoa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekosoa
|
-okosoa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okosoa
|
-yokosoa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokosoa
|
-yokosoa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokosoa
|
-vyokosoa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokosoa
|
-zokosoa
|
| u(XI)
|
-okosoa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokosoa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokosoa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokosoa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms