Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-ongoa (infinitive kuongoa)
- to improve, train; prosper
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -ongoa
|
| Positive present
|
-naongoa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-ongoe
|
| Negative
|
-ongoi
|
| Imperative singular
|
ongoa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuongoa
|
| Negative
|
kutoongoa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
ongoa
|
| Plural
|
ongoeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huongoa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liongoa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuongoa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naongoa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaongoa/naongoa
|
tunaongoa
|
| 2nd person
|
unaongoa
|
mnaongoa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaongoa
|
wanaongoa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naongoa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -ongoi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siongoi
|
hatuongoi
|
| 2nd person
|
huongoi
|
hamwongoi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haongoi
|
hawaongoi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -ongoi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taongoa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taongoa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -ongoe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niongoe
|
tuongoe
|
| 2nd person
|
uongoe
|
mwongoe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aongoe
|
waongoe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -ongoe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siongoe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeongoa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeongoa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliongoa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliongoa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aongoa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naongoa
|
twaongoa
|
| 2nd person
|
waongoa
|
mwaongoa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aongoa
|
waongoa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waongoa
|
yaongoa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laongoa
|
yaongoa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaongoa
|
vyaongoa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaongoa
|
zaongoa
|
| u(XI)
|
waongoa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaongoa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paongoa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaongoa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meongoa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaongoa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaongoa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiongoa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoongoa
|
| Consecutive
|
kaongoa / positive subject concord + -kaongoa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaongoe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niongoa
|
-tuongoa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuongoa
|
-waongoa/-kuongoeni/-waongoeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mwongoa
|
-waongoa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uongoa
|
-iongoa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liongoa
|
-yaongoa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiongoa
|
-viongoa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iongoa
|
-ziongoa
|
| u(XI)
|
-uongoa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuongoa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paongoa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muongoa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiongoa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ongoa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-ongoaye
|
-ongoao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ongoao
|
-ongoayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-ongoalo
|
-ongoayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-ongoacho
|
-ongoavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ongoayo
|
-ongoazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-ongoao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-ongoako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-ongoapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-ongoamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ongoa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeongoa
|
-oongoa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oongoa
|
-yoongoa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loongoa
|
-yoongoa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choongoa
|
-vyoongoa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoongoa
|
-zoongoa
|
| u(XI)
|
-oongoa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koongoa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poongoa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moongoa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms