sbio

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle English espien (“to espy”) or Old French espier (“to spy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy”), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsbiː.ɔ/, [ˈspiːɔ]
  • Rhymes: -iːɔ

Verb

sbio (first-person singular present sbiaf, not mutable)

  1. to spy
    Synonym: ysbïo
    Mae'n credu bod rhywun yn sbio arno fe.
    He thinks someone is spying on him.
  2. (North Wales, colloquial) to look (at)
    Synonyms: disgwyl, edrych
    Nesh i'm sbio beth oedd yn y bag gynno fo.
    I didn't look what was in the bag he had with him.
    Sbia rhein!
    Look at these!

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future sbiaf sbi sbia sbiwn sbiwch sbiant sbir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional sbiwn sbit sbiai sbiem sbiech sbient sbid
preterite sbiais sbiaist sbiodd sbiasom sbiasoch sbiasant sbiwyd
pluperfect sbiaswn sbiasit sbiasai sbiasem sbiasech sbiasent sbiasid, sbiesid
present subjunctive sbiwyf sbiech sbio sbiom sbioch sbiont sbier
imperative — sbia sbied sbiwn sbiwch sbient sbier
verbal noun
verbal adjectives sbiedig
sbiadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future sbia i,
sbiaf i 		sbi di sbith o/e/hi,
sbiff e/hi 		sbiwn ni sbiwch chi sbian nhw
conditional sbiwn i,
sbiswn i 		sbiet ti,
sbiset ti 		sbiai fo/fe/hi,
sbisai fo/fe/hi 		sbien ni,
sbisen ni 		sbiech chi,
sbisech chi 		sbien nhw,
sbisen nhw
preterite sbiais i,
sbies i 		sbiaist ti,
sbiest ti 		sbiodd o/e/hi sbion ni sbioch chi sbion nhw
imperative — sbia — — sbiwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sbio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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