English
Noun
spd
- Abbreviation of speed.
Anagrams
Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to be(come) sharp, to have a sharp point
c. 1900 BCE,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.2–1.3:
- spd dsw r th-mtn nn ḥn nj js ḥr zp.f
- Sharp are the knives against one who transgresses the path; there is no haste except at its proper time.
- (intransitive) to be(come) pointy, to have a pointy shape
- (transitive) to sharpen [chiefly Greco-Roman Period]
- (intransitive, of people or body parts) to be(come) adept, skilful, effective
- (intransitive, of speech, ideas, laws, etc.) to be(come) effective
Inflection
Conjugation of spd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: spd, geminated stem: spdd
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
spd
|
spdw, spd
|
spdt
|
spd
|
spd
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
spd
|
ḥr spd
|
m spd
|
r spd
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
spd.n
|
consecutive
|
spd.jn
|
| terminative
|
spdt
|
| perfective3
|
spd
|
obligative1
|
spd.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
spd
|
| prospective3
|
spd
|
potentialis1
|
spd.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
spd
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
spd.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
spd
|
spd
|
spd, spdw5, spdy5
|
| imperfective
|
spd, spdy, spdw5
|
spd, spdj6, spdy6
|
spd, spdw5
|
| prospective
|
spd, spdtj7
|
spdtj4, spdt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spd
|
|
|
|
|
|
| spd
|
spd
|
spd
|
spd
|
spt
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[Old Kingdom]
|
[Old Kingdom]
|
[since the Middle Kingdom]
|
[Late Period]
|
Derived terms
References
- “spd (lemma ID 500142)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 108.2–110.8
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 223–224