wšb

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʃab/ → /ˈwaːʃab/ → /ˈwaːʃəb/ → /ˈwoːʃəβ/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛʃɛb/
- Conventional anglicization: wesheb

Verb

3-lit.

(transitive or intransitive) to answer
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17:
  
  jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt
  Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
  so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.

Inflection

Conjugation of wšb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wšb, geminated stem: wšbb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
wšb	wšbw, wšb	wšbt	wšb	wšb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
wšb	ḥr wšb	m wšb	r wšb

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wšb.n	wšbw, wšb	consecutive	wšb.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	wšb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	wšbt
perfective³	wšb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	wšb.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	wšb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	wšb.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	wšb	wšbb	potentialis¹	wšb.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	wšb	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	wšb	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wšb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	wšb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	wšb	wšb, wšbw⁵, wšby⁵
imperfective	wšb, wšby, wšbw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	wšb, wšbj⁶, wšby⁶	wšb, wšbw⁵
prospective	wšb, wšbtj⁷	—	wšbtj⁴, wšbt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Descendants

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲃⲉ (ouōšbe)
Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ (ouōšb)
Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ (ouōšb), ⲟⲩⲱϣϥ (ouōšf)

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 174.